Sun Switch Using 2N3055 and BD139 Transistor

2N3055 is Power Transistor and Amplifier Transistor for General Purpose and can act as Photo

Transistor by cutting the "hat cover" of this transistor. This photo transistor function of 2N3055 can be taking the advantage as switching function with transistor. This circuit using 2 transistor which is 2N3055 and BD139. If there is no sun light or the light is not enough for Transistor 2N3005 to deliver, so R1 will give current to TR2 BD139 ,and this transistor will turn on Lamp on the Output of Circuit.

If The Sun Light which flows to "hat cover" of TR1 2N3055 enough, TR1 will deliver and will grounded Base of TR2 BD139 and will Turn Off The Lamp.R2 and P1 will improve switching system of the Transistors and The Light of Lamp Intensity could be regulated by P1.

At the below figure is Stripboard or Veroboard for the circuit. This Veroboard using DIYLC software. 

Parts Lists of Components :
Transistor TR1 2N3055
Transistor TR2 BD139
Resistor R1 4K7
Resistor R2 10K
Trimmer Resistor P1 1M
Lamp 9 V / 400 mA
Battery 12 V
Box  for the Circuit

Build This Simple Half Wave Dipole Antenna for Digital TV band 470-800 MHZ

The half-wavelength dipole is a balanced antenna consisting of two radiators that are each a quarter-wavelength, making a total of a half-wavelength. The antenna is usually installed horizontally with respect to the earth’s surface, so it produces a horizontally polarized signal.
In its most common configuration , the dipole is supported at each end by rope and end insulators. The rope supports are tied to trees, buildings, masts, or some combination of such structures. Ads Link

The length of the antenna is a half-wavelength. Keep in mind that the physical length of the antenna, and the theoretical electrical length, are often different by about 5 percent. A free-space half-wavelength is found from :

                        

 L= ( 492 / F(MHz) )  ft 

In a perfect antenna, that is self-supported many wavelengths away from any object,The Equation  will yield the physical length. But in real antennas, the length calculated above is too long. The average physical length is shortened by up to about 5 percent because of the velocity factor of the wire and capacitive effects of the end insulators. A more nearly correct approximation (remember that word, it's important) of a half-wavelength antenna is 

L= ( 468/ F(MHz) ) ft 

where :

L is the length of a half-wavelength radiator, in feet
FMHz is the operating frequency, in megahertz
 
For example : Calculate the approximate physical length for a half-wavelength dipole
operating on a frequency of 7.25 MHz.

Solution:

L=( 468/F(MHz) ) ft
= 468/7.25  ft = 64.55 ft

or, restated another way:

L = 64 ft 6.6 in

It is unfortunate that a lot of people accept Equation above as a universal truth, a kind of immutable law of The Universe. Perhaps abetted by books and articles on antennas that fail to reveal the full story, too many people install dipoles without regard for reality.

We will design Dipole antenna for Digital TV reception , as We know in literature the band frequency for TV reception between 470 MHz - 800 MHz. for this band frequency, we can calculate the centre frequency. The centre  frequency for this band is 635 MHz.

The design of antenna , for balance the power reception of this antenna, by calculating design in centre frequency . 
As the formula :

L = 468 /F  

So,

L = 468/635  feet

L = 0.737 feet , this is 1/2 Lambda for centre frequency band of Digital TV reception.

For Dipole antenna design , between 2 arms of dipole antenna should be 1/2 lambda, so one arm of dipole antenna will be 1/4 Lambda .

So  the calculation will be :

L = 0.737 feet (1/2 lamda)

1/4 lambda of L = 1/2 X 0.737 = 0.3685  feet , convert to cm  , will be :

1/4 Lambda , L = 0.3685 feet X 30.48 cm/feet = 11.23 cm 

Shakespeare 3020 Sea Watch Marine TV Antennas

Introducing the friendly, durable Marine TV antenna that makes it easy to bring broadcast television channels to your boat, whether you are at the dock or out on the water. 

Marine Sea Watch 3020

This HD-ready, internally amplified antenna is omnidirectional - 360º signal reception, so no aiming needed.  The SeaWatch® 3020 Marine TZ Antenna's sleek new design features a UV stabel, plastic housing.  Its innovative new swivel mount accommodates mounting surfaces that slope up to 30 degrees.  It also mounts easily on any standard 1"-14 thread antenna mount.  THe antenna's digital preamplifier, located in the antenna head, has a great new design for high gain and low noise figures.  It's HD Ready ... of course.  Simply connect the antenna to any TV that has a digital receiver.  With older analog TVs, use a digital converter box (not supplied).  The Style 3020's wall-mounted 12-volt DC power supply has both front and rear outputs.  For cable, satellite and playback devices, its Auxiliary Input automatically switches from Antenna input to Auxiliary Input when powered off. For a streamlined appearance, the coax running to the antenna head can be concealed by running it through the mounting base.

• 360º signal reception - no aiming
• Compact, attractive aerodynamics design
• Mounting bracket adapts to 0-30º sloped surfaces
• Also mounts to standard 1"-14 thread devices
• Operates on 12 volts DC
• Power supply can be wall or surface mounted
• Durable UV-stable plastic housing
• Automatically switches to Aux Input when powered off

Dimensions: 14.88" Diameter x 7.25" Height

Unit Weight:  2.7 lbs

TV Signal Strength Meter

Winegard RFL-332 SensarPro Black TV Signal Strength Meter, Raise the antenna, slowly rotate to find the highest signal strength, and watch TV! The SensarPro TV signal strength meter makes it easy to find your favorite shows.

Scan, Seek and Channel Modes

Winegard Signal Strength Antenna

Allows you to peak in signals prior to running a channel scan on your TV. Save time and watch your favorite shows in the absolute best signal quality possible.

More Signal, Less Signal, No Problem

The SensarPro contains an adjustable amplifier to easily increase or decrease the gain with a press of a button. Increase for hard to get channels or decrease for overloaded signals close to your location for perfect reception!

Easy Antenna Aiming

Winegard Signal Strength Antenna

The SensarPro's adjustable volume audio signal feedback, 100 point scale aiming system and U.S. specific signal focus makes your antenna easier to aim than ever before!

 une in local programming fast and easy with the Winegard SensarPro signal strength meter. Basic operation is simple, just select foot scan foot mode and slowly rotate the Sensar antenna until the strongest signal strength is located then run a channel scan and you will be watching your favorite local broadcast shows in standard or crisp clear HD. Advanced search options are also available but not necessary for each use. The SensarPro has built in amplification to provide up to 10 decibel of gain for increased performance or the ability to lower the gain when positioned near a tower. Also handy is the adjustable audio feedback to help lock in signal when the wall plate is out of sight or reach. The SensarPro works with all Winegard Sensar antennas and replaces the existing power supply. Proudly designed, tested and built in the USA by the makers of the first RV television antenna. White.

Read more about Customer Reviews for Signal TV Strength Meter

Winegard The Ultimate TV Antenna for RVs

Winegard Sensar Antenna

Optimized for all digital channels in all markets, Winegard Sensar antennas have been the leader in RV antennas for over 30 years! The increased range and VHF capabilities of the Sensar allow you to watch your favorite shows in the lowest signal areas.

 

Winegard Sensar antennas have unsurpassed range, allowing you to watch channels broadcast from up to 55 miles away. The built in amplifier boosts weaker television signals giving you crystal clear reception!

 

Winegard Sensar Antenna for RV

Powder coated for long lasting durability with over 20 years of experience on RV roofs. Sensar antennas have passed rigorous UV and environmental testing.

 

Excels at UHF and receives hard to get VHF digital channels. Optimized for digital HD reception, Sensar antennas can be raised, lowered and rotated from inside your parked RV to pinpoint the exact angle for best reception!

 

Winegard Sensar Antenna for RV

Tech Specs

Color, Size & Weight

• Color Options: White, Black
• Unit Weight: 6.5 lbs
• Width: 46.25″
• Depth: 15.25″
• Height: 4″ Stowed, 30″ Raised
• Powder coated for long lasting durability in harsh environmental conditions

Programming & Usage

• Receives ALL VHF and UHF digital and HD signals
• Amplified 75 ohm over-the-air digital and HD ready antenna

In The Box

• Amplified Sensar Antenna and Lift Assembly
• +12 VDC White Power Supply
• White Interior Control Parts,
• 20’ 75 ohm Coax Cable
• 6’ 75 ohm Coax Cable
• Mounting Hardware
• Printed Documentation

Warranty & Support

• Warranty: 2 Years Parts, 1 Year Labor
• Complimentary Telephone and Email Support
• Online Technical Manuals and Instructions
• Large Dealer Support Network

Please read further detail for customer reviews here

The Best RCA ANT751 Outdoor Antenna

RCA HDTV Outdoor Durable Yagi Antenna

ANT751 - Outdoor Antenna - RCA Antennas - 

This compact outdoor antenna is designed to maximize signal collection including all HD and SD in digital formats via UHF and VHF frequencies. An HDTV tuner and display are required to experience high definition.

Features (continued)

• Adapts to almost any outdoor or attic setting
• Ultra compact design
• Snap lock elements and easy fold out assembly
• Superior construction to withstand tough outdoor conditions
• Heavy duty locking mast clamp
• Cross phase multi element design
• Includes mounting hardware and 75ohm matching transformer
• One year limited warranty

RCA ANT751 Elements (courtersy : https://forum.tvfool.com/showthread.php?t=16264)

Compact Indoor/Outdoor Yagi TV Antenna

Double Antenna for more channel reception

This RCA Compact Indoor /Outdoor Antenna provides both network and local television in full 1080 HD quality, for free. Its pre-assembled design and included mast and mounting hardware provide a variety of placement options, while its enhanced signal reception outperforms antennas available from other manufacturers. Don’t settle for a lesser picture or fewer channels when you know your TV is capable of delivering much more! 

• Cross-phase, multi-element design provides enhanced reception technology for more channels
• Supports up to 1080i HDTV broadcasts
• Receives UHF and VHF channels = more content!
• Pre-assembled design with easy-lock fold-out UHF reflector and snap-lock elements
• Mast, mounting hardware and 75-ohm transformer included for placement indoors or outdoors

RCA Antenna Installation at Attic

UHF and VHF Channels in HD

Many antennas on the market are optimized to receive only UHF broadcasts and do not reliably receive VHF. All RCA TV antennas are precision-tuned to receive both UHF and VHF frequencies and will provide you with the most HD content.

 Buy Now At Amazon >>>>

Getting the Best Reception

The amount and quality of the channels you receive will depend on the following:

1) Channels being broadcast in your area

2) Broadcast tower locations

RCA ANT751 Durable Outdoor Antenna

3) Strength of the broadcast signals

4) Line of sight and environmental terrain 

Get Further details here >>>>

Customer Says about this antenna :

 

Winegard HDTV Antenna

There's no magic antenna that works for everyone. It all depends on your distance to the broadcast station, whether your channels are UHF or VHF, and existance of inteference/obstructions. To find out if it works for you, go to antenna point.com and see

1. How far you are from the broadcast station - If you're less than 40 miles without anything in between (hills/trees/buildings) then it will work. I'm 37 mile from the main one, so I get all channels. If more than 40 miles then try a bigger outdoor antenna, like the Winegard Antenna.

2. Whether the channels are UHF only or both UHF and VHF - If UHF only then you're in luck, because you might be able to find a smaller indoor antenna that will work fine. If both UHF/VHF then you'll need an antenna like this RCA NT751R.

Quality - Its aluminum construction is lightweight and won't corrode. A sturdy mount is included (unlike other antennas). It can flip 90 degrees, allowing mounting on both horizontal and vertical surfaces.

More things to buy - You'll need to buy bolts/screws to fasten the mount into your roof/wall. You'll also need to buy your own coaxial cable. I also bought a 4ft pole to extend the height of the antenna past the crest of my roof. The round pole drops into the mount easily and the antenna has a U brace that clamps onto the pole.

Installation - The hard part will be installation and wiring. Point the smaller end toward the broadcast station for best reception. National Electrical Code also requires grounding it in case of lightning strike. If possible, you should try attic installation first, to hide the antenna from view and to forgo the grounding requirement. In my case, I lost a couple of important channels (out of around 55), so I decided to mount it on the roof.

 Buy Now At Amazon >>>

UHF/VHF HDTV Antenna

Lava UHF/VHF  Antenna

With over 1,000 stations in more than 200 markets broadcasting digital television, nine out of ten households can now receive free HDTV signals with the right antenna, a set-top box and a high-definition television. This Lava Electronics HD-2605 Remote Control HDTV Antenna features 360-Degree rotation to make sure you get the best HDTV reception possible. Its high sensitivity reception helps you get the weakest HDTV signals in more rural areas. These antennas are capable of receiving weaker HDTV signals when no significant multipath (ghost) conditions exist, i.e. no reflective structures nearby. 

Customer says about this products :

John S Pieri wrote : We get 22 channels and we are 80 miles from the nearest transmitters.All the channels are clear, crisp, HDTV national channels and a few local channels. Install took about 20 minutes after assembly.All we used was a Phillips screw driver. Once mounted, with the directional motor, we aimed it perfectly for best reception.The 30 feet of cable provides lots of options for mounting on your roof top.We really didn't even need a tall pole, but we put it atop a 10 foot one inch pole.This will work on your RV or boat too, it doesn't have to be mounted too high.Cable TV is fine, but this will pay for itself in one month, so we were sold.

Buy Now in Amazon >>>

Another customer wrote : 
We live 80 to 100 miles from any transmission towers which are in several different directions. After trying several so called omnidirectional antennas we purchased this antenna after reading reviews. The antenna is outstanding. It pulls in strong signals from all the closest towers and we even get some channels from areas beyond 100 miles.

Keep in mind digital signals are effected by severe weather much like the small satellite dishes so during bad weather we loose the furthermost signals and some of the closest ones come and go during the worst weather.

We have been through several mid-west severe thunderstorms since I installed this antenna and everything still works like it did out of the box.

Just an added note the antenna arrived too late to install out side the first night so I sat it on a table in our front window and got better reception with it there than we were getting with our other antenna mounted 50 feet high outside. This is truly a great antenna and I would strongly recommend it especially for anyone living in extreme fringe areas.

My only suggestion to the company is to include a direction indicator on the on the remote control and have directional buttons instead of double clicking to reverse direction. 

Please more read details for this Antenna

Lava HD-2605 UHF/VHF HDTV Antenna with Remote Control

The Wavelength of Frequency

The wavelength is proportional to the reciprocal of the frequency. The wavelength of any wave is related to the frequency so that fλ = v, where f is the frequency in Hz, λ is the wavelength in meters, and v is the velocity of propagation in meters per second (m/s). Because radio waves propagate at the speed of light (which is also an electromagnetic wave), approximately 300,000,000 m/s in both free space and the earth’s atmosphere, the lowercase letter c is used to represent velocity (rather than v), so you can rewrite this expression in the form :

f(Hz) = c / λ(meters) = 3 x 10^8 / λ(meters)

These equations are sometimes abbreviated for use with the units kHz and MHz:

F (kHz) = 3 x 10^5 /λ(meters)

F(MHz) = 300 / λ (meters)

You can get an idea of the order of length of these waves  for several different frequencies: 100 kHz, 1 MHz (in the AM broadcast band), 10 MHz (in the shortwave bands), and 1000 MHz (microwave bands). If you work the equations, then you will find that these wavelengths are 3000 m (100 kHz), 300 m (1 MHz), 30 m (10 MHz), and 0.3 m, or 30 cm (1000 MHz). You can see from these numbers why 1 MHz is in what is called the medium-wave band, 10 MHz is in the short wave band, and 1,000 MHz is in the microwave (“very small” wave) band. At 100 kHz, which is 0.1 MHz, the wavelength is 3000 m, so this frequency is in the long wave

band.

Basic Antenna Book

For reference of Basic Antenna System , this book will help you.

Understanding Practical Antennas and Designs

Basic Antennas is a comprehensive introduction to antennas--basic concepts, practical designs, and details of easy-to-build antennas. You ll learn how to make antennas that really work! This book will provide a foundation in antenna theory and design necessary for anyone undertaking more advanced topics such as those presented in The ARRL Antenna Book. Includes: Dipole Antennas, Antenna Impedance, Transmission Lines, Practical Two Element Arrays, Wideband and Multiband Antennas Reflector Antennas, Yagis for HF and VHF, Loop Antennas, Antennas for Microwave Applications, Vehicle Antennas, Antenna Measurements, Plus, an Introduction to Antenna Modeling...and much more!

Ultra-Thin Indoor HDTV Antenna

There is no one magic antenna or antenna type that will deliver excellent TV reception in every
location. The main factors determining reception are the distance and direction from the TV
station transmitters to your home. Other factors include the transmitter's power and the height of
its tower, the terrain between the tower and your antenna, and the size and location of any large
buildings in the path of the transmission.
If you live within a few miles of the transmitter, and the signal path is relatively unobstructed,
you may be able to get adequate reception using a small set-top indoor antenna. But as you move
farther away, getting usable signal strength becomes trickier. This is where careful antenna
selection and installation become essential.
The information below will help you zero in on the type(s) of antenna that should work best for
you. Keep in mind that even in the same neighborhood reception conditions often vary from
house to house. For that reason, it's best to purchase your antenna from a dealer who offers no hassle returns with a money-back guarantee.


One of the good product recommend by customer reviews is Ultra Thin Indoor HDTV Antenna from AmazonBasics. These antennas coming with 4 types of model and range, from 25 Mile, 35 Mile, 50 Mile and 60 Mile. With 1 year limited warranty.  One of customer get almost 44 Digital Antenna channels found. This antenna for 50 miles range will worth your time and effort

Wi-Fi Antennas 802.11b/g and 802.11a and 802.11a/b/g antennas

Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz Antenna

The Speed of your wireless connection will vary depending on the strength of the signal you can receive and transmit. Antenna selection can therefore have a significant impact on the speed of your wireless link.

Types of Wi-Fi Antennas 

 There are two basic types of antennas for WLAN and cellular products :

Omnidirectional and directional. The two types are categorized by the direction in which they beam radio signals.

Omni-directional

Omnidirectional Antenna Pattern

Omni-directional antennas are designed to radiate signals equally in all directions. Use this type of antenna if you need to transmit from a central node, such as an access point, to users scattered all around the area. Omnidirectional antenna consist of 2,
Dipole antenna, and

Dipole Omnidirectional Antenna from TPLink Wi-Fi Antenna

Phonetone 6 dB 3G WCDMA Fiberglass Antenna

Fiberglass antenna

Directional Antennas

 

Directional Antenna Pattern

TPLink Directional Wi-Fi Antenna

Directional antennas provide a more focused signal than omnidirectional antennas. Signals are typically transmitted in an ovalshaped pattern with a beam width of only a few degrees. With higher gain, directional antennas can also be used outdoors to extend point-to-point links over a longer transmission distance, or to form a point-to-multipoint network.

Antenna Connectors

N Type Female Connector

PRSMA Connector

MCX Connector

Before you purchase an antenna for your wireless device, you should check the type of antenna connector that your device uses. You will need to buy an antenna with a matching connector. There are several types of antenna connectors, including MCX, TNC, N-type, SMA, and RP-SMA (RP stands for “reverse polarity” or “reverse ping”). On WLAN devices, the most commonly used antenna connector is PRSMA and N-type for IEEE 802.11 wireless applications. Make sure you are buying an antenna with the right connector type.