This courtesy of Mohi El-deen Ahmad, Alexandria University Egypt, Marine Engineering Department. Email : mohey_d2005@yahoo.com
Abstract
-
Energy harvesting techniques are emerging as
environmental friendly en
ergy sources, which form a
promising alternative to existing energy resources. These
include rectennas, solar cells, harvesting human energy
and wind power. GHz/THz rectennas already exist and
have some characteristics such as small size and
wideband. Thes
e rectennas have a lot of disadvantages
such as power fading, complicated design procedure and
high fabrication technology. Thus, the present paper
suggests using FM rectennas to solve these problems and
by using fractals we will keep the advantages.
The
present paper discusses the design and
implementation of a rectenna prototype operating in the
FM range. Using Fractal antennas (which offer
broadband/multiband operation) and simple tricks from
circuit design, God’s willing, proves to be a successful
strategy for obtaining useful power from a cheap easy to
fabricate rectenna that can be even made in home by
interested users. The paper includes theoretical
discussion, simulation results and practical prototype
results.
Keywords: rectennas, fractals,rectifying circuits,
antennas, energy harvesting.
I. INTRODUCTION
Energy harvesting techniques are emerging as
environmental friendly energy sources, which form a
promising alternative to existing energy resources. These
include energy harvesting from rectennas
, passive human
power, wind energy and solar power.
Energy harvesting from human power is used to generate
useful power by portable equipments are wearable devices in
which digital systems are integrated in everyday personal
belongings, like clothes, watch, glasses, etc. Human body can
be considered as a storehouse of energy. There exist two
possibilities: power can be scavenged from the user's
everyday actions or can be intentionally generated by the
user. This method has a lot of advantages. It allows
the
decrease in both size and power consumption of complex
digital systems.
The power harvesting can be stored in capacitors,
rechargeable batteries, etc. The disadvantages of this method
arise because the portable products are powered by
rechargeable batteries and they will remain as the main source
for this kind of consumer products. However the disadvantage
of batteries is the need to rather place or recharge them
periodically. Typical candidate applications are extracting
power from pedaling which can
generate power up to 1.6 mJ,
from typing which can generate pewer up to 2 mJ with every
push of the button of 15 N and power from body heat which
can recoverable 2.8
-
4.8 W of
power.
[1]
Another method to harvest energy is offshore wind energy
where rese
archers are developing new technologies to provide
electricity offshore. The new Spar
-
WARP wind machine
developed by ENECO can produce and store clean, safe
electricity offshore in many areas where there is sufficient
wind speed. Most offshore areas provid
e good sites for wind
technology. A good land site usually has mean wind speeds of
13 to 17 mph, while typical offshore mean wind speeds range
from 15 to 20 mph [2].
The WARP, which stands for Wind Amplified Rotor
Platform, is designed to further amplify w
ind by as much as
50 to 80 percent, and has many advantages for providing
electricity in offshore areas. It can be installed in any depth of
water
––
on a foundation in shallow water or on a floating
platform tethered to the bottom by cable in deep water.
A
third method to harvest energy the solar power may be
used. Solar energy is an environment energy available to
power portable devices. A photovoltaic system generates
electricity by the conversion of the sun's energy into
electricity.
Photovoltaic systems
are found from the Megawatt to the
milliwatt range producing electricity for a wide range of
applications: from wristwatch to grid
-
connected PV systems.
The examples of consumer products that contain PV solar
cells are: calculators, radios, headphones, l
ap
tops, battery
chargers, etc.
[1]
Moreover, we can use solar rectennas to harvest solar
power but those rectennas are operating at GHz/THz and have
a lot of disadvantages such as power fading,
complicated
design procedure and high fabrication technology
. Thus, it
has been suggested to use FM rectennas operating at FM
range of frequencies using fractal antennas not to harvest
solar power but to harvest electromagnetic waves instead of
all those energy harvesting techniques because those FM
rectennas are simp
ler and cheaper to construct. To maintain
rectennas advantages, fractal antennas are used. DC
-
up
converter circuits can be used to raise the voltage harvested
by the rectenna.
The organization of the remaining of the paper is as
follows. In secti
on II, we
will explain the rectenna concept
and offer a brief literature survey which shows the efforts of
some researchers. Section III explains fractal antennas and
especially Sierpinski triangle fractals. This section will show
the complete rectenna design applied of a fractal antenna
called FRACTENT [5]. Finally in section IV the simulation
and the pra
ctical results of complete recte
nna are given
including steps of constructing the cheap simple prototype.
Simulations are performed using NEC2 software and P
-SPICE
software.
II. RECTENNA CONCEPT AND A BRIEF LITERATURE
SURVEY
A rectenna is a device that can harvest microwave energy.
It can be constructed using an antenna, rectifier circuit,
smoothing circuit. A basic rectenna is shown in Fig.1. [1]
ig.
1 The complete rectenna
Several researchers reported the successful design and
implementation of rectenna. J. Hagerty,
ET
.
Al
.
have
developed
a new approach for construction of efficient
rectenna arrays for arbitrarily polarized incident waves with
broad
spectral content. The approach has been validated
experimentally on a dense grid array that rectifies two
orthogonal linear polarizations, and on a self
-
similar spiral
array with alternating right
-
hand and left
-
hand circular
polarizations. The two arrays operate from 4.5to 8GHz and
8.5to 15GHz and have maximum open circuit voltages of 3.5
and 4.0V, respectively. Their efficiencies increase above 35%
and 45%, respectively, for higher incident powers. The
grid of
rectifiers has
excellent reliability and grace
full degradation.
The limiting factor on the size of the grid rectifier is the
current rating on the diodes. Note that in the grid in Fig.2 the
four corner diodes are the most critical ones, because one half
of the current through the DC terminals passes through each
of the diodes. If these 4 diodes are replaced by shorts, the
current in the DC leads can be twice as large. The current
intensity in the next diodes closest to the terminals is half of
that through the four most critical diodes. Any overloaded
diodes in the grid are automatically eliminated if they fail as
shorts, and the rest of the grid continues to function. If a diode
fails as an open, the current will find a path through the other
diode
s/shorts across the grid.
[3]
Fig.2 The grid array rec
tifier
Another researcher Y. Li has developed a 2.45 GHz low
power rectenna design for wireless sensor and RFID
applications. The system is monolithically integrated onto a
single circuit board. A high gain patch antenna array is used
to boost the power l
evel at the input of the Rectenna for better
power conversion efficiency. Moreover, a hybrid ring coupler
is used to divide the power between Rectenna and detector.
The system implements a key RF front end for GAP4S
wireless sensor system [4].
III. FRACTA
L ANTENNAS
Fractals are geometrical shapes, which are self
-
similar,
repeating themselves at different scales. In this chapter we
will shown two examples of fractal antenna (Sierpinski
triangle antenna and kuch curve antenna), after that we will
shown FRAC
TENT that will using in our FM rectenna.
The Sierpinski triangle, shown in Fig.3, is a common self
-
similar geometrical figure.
It also has been used as a very
effective antenna in the GHz frequency range.
The geometric construction of such a triangle is si
mple.
One starts with the black equilateral shape and takes
afterwards, in different steps, the middle of the sides and
generates respectively 3, 9, 27, 81, triangles which are self
similar and exactly scaled down versions of the initiating
shape. The same
procedure can be observed in Fig.4 where a
Koch curve is iterated in 3 steps.
It is interesting to know something about the “Dimension”
of such a fractured structure. The term “Dimension” in
mathematics has different meanings. The common definition
is th
e “Topologic Dimension” in which a point has the
dimension 0, a line has the dimension 1, a surface has the
dimension 2 and a cube has dimension 3.
Using Fractal geometry in antennas results in multi
-
frequency/broadband behavior. This behavior is best
illustrated based on discussion of Sierpinski monopoles
Fig.4 The Kuch curve antenna
The Sierpinski Monopole is shown in Fig.5. This is a
monopole antenna resonant at frequencies of 0.44, 1.75, 3.51,
7.01 and 13.89GH
z having an input resistance of 50Ω. One
can easily see the 5 resonant frequencies of the structure by
looking to the 5 circles marking the respective triangles.
The complete rectenna design (antenna+ rectifier and
smoothing circuit) has been shown in Fig.
1.
The multi broadband response of fractal antennas
mentioned earlier make them suitable for use in rectenna
applications since they can harvest more power than a single
band antenna. The FRACTENT [5] is
a
particularly
interesting antenna geometry as shown
in Fig.6.
Since the Fractent operates at FM range, the author was
able to construct it using the following simple procedure.
First, the Fractent operating was drawn to scale. Second, a
common 1
-
mm copper wire was shaped by hand to take the
Fractent shape
The performance of FRACTENT has been studied through
simulation using NEC2 software and has been validated
practically by the author by putting it into operation as an FM
antenna.
The rectification circuit and smoothing circuit shown
in Fig.1
The following design formula has been used Full
-
wave
bridge rectifier with Schottky diode. Schottky diodes have
been used duo to their low turn
-
on voltage and fast response
which is necessary
at high frequency.
It is important to note that the choice of FM range is
important because it allows for easy and cheap
rectifier/smoother circuit design and implementation while
working in higher microwave frequency range requires more
technologically
complex methods.
I
V. SIMULATION AND PRACTICAL RESULTS
The fractal antenna prototype constructed by the author is
shown in Fig.
7
We use NEC2 software to simulate this antenna and results
at 90 M
Hz are shown in Fig.
8
.The antenna radiation pattern is
shown in Fig.
9
. Simple frequency scaling was used to change
the dimensions of the antenna so as to transform its
bandwidth to 90
MHz
.
Rectifier circuit simulate on P
-
SPICE program. The results
of P
-
SPICE program are shown in Fig.1
0
V. CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, it was shown that energy can be harvested
from some sources such as rectennas, human power, solar
energy and offshore wind energy. The rectenna concept was
the focus of the paper as efficient alternative t
o common
GHz/THz rectennas. To get over the technological difficulties
associated with developing rectennas at GHz/THz range, the
author developed a new rectenna efficient design that uses
fractal antennas operating at FM range. The rectenna
operating an F
M range is easily constructed using common
copper wire, diodes and capacitors, which make them easy
and cheap to develop even by inexperienced users without
compromising rectenna efficiency. Thus, the developed
rectenna is cheap, efficient, simple to imple
ment and
environmental friendly.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Thanks to Allah almighty for helping us complete this
work.
Thanks to my colleagues for their support.
REFERENCES
[1]
M.Loreto Mateu Saez,
Energy Harvesting from Passive
Human Power
, PhD Thesis in Elect
ronics Engineering,
UPC
-
BARCELONA TECH University, Spain, January
2004.
available on line:
pmos.upc.es/blues/projects/thesis_project_mateu.pdf
[2]
http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/classactivities/SecArticle.pdf
[3]
Joseph A. Hagerty, Nestor D.Lopez, Branko Po
povic,
and Zoya
Popovic,
Broad band Recte
nna Array for
Randomly Polarized Incident Waves
,
European
Microwave Conference
, Paris, France, October 2000
[4]
Yunlei Li,
2.4 GHZ Low Power Rectenna Design for
Wireless Sensor & RFID Applications
, PhD Thesis,
Unive
rsity of Texas at Dallas, October 2003.
[5]
Werner Hodlmayr,
Fractal Antennas
, Technical report
available on
-
line, webmaster@antennex.com, January
2004.
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Build this Bandpass Filter for digital TV
Bandpass filter for digital TV antenna is to cut the ripple signal from band frequency TV reception on digital band between 470 MHZ - 800 MHz.
There are 2 kind of Bandpass filter.
1. RC Bandpass filter, which is using Resistor (R) and Capacitor (C) .
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For Low Pass Filter , we use R and C component :
R = 10 Ohm
C = 33. 88 pF
For High Pass Filter, We use :
R = 10 Ohm
C = 18.3 pF
The Circuit is :
There are 2 kind of Bandpass filter.
1. RC Bandpass filter, which is using Resistor (R) and Capacitor (C) .
RC Bandpass filter is combination between Low Pass Filter and High Pass Filter.
For Low Pass Filter , we use R and C component :
R = 10 Ohm
C = 33. 88 pF
For High Pass Filter, We use :
R = 10 Ohm
C = 18.3 pF
The Circuit is :
We can Supply SAW Resonator
We also supply the needs of SAW filters and SAW Resonator devices.
For SAW resonator , there is one port series with a wide range of packaging and frequency of different - different. No one series port for wireless remote controller with a frequency of 105 MHz - 325 MHz.
One-port SAW resonator series with a center frequency or center frequency 105.5 MHz, insertion loss 2.5 dB, Package SF-712, tolerance +/- 75 Khz.
Here is a one port SAW resonator that we have and we can supply for the needs of factory production.
Center Frequency: 158.15 MHZ, tolerance +/- 100 KHz, insertion loss is 1.5 dB, package SF-712, center frequency: 222.15 MHz, insertion loss is 1.5 dB, tolerance +/- 100 KHz and SF-712 package.
Center Frequency of SAW Resonator available to us:
105.5 MHz, 158.15 MHz, 222.15 MHz, 300 MHz, 302 MHz, 303,325 MHz, 303,825 MHz, 303,875 MHz, 304.25 MHz, 304.3 MHz, 308.5 MHz, 310 MHz, 311 062 MHz, 313.25 MHz, 314 MHz, 314.5 MHz, 315 MHz , 315.5 MHz, 315.5 MHz, 316.8 MHz, 318 MHz, 319 508 MHz, 319.5 MHz, 324 MHz, 325 MHz.
The frequency of the SAW resonator tolerance between +/- +/- 75 KHz and 100 KHz.
No insertion loss of 2.5 dB, 1.5 dB and 1.3 dB and the type of package for a SAW resonator that is SF-712, TO-39 / 39L, SM558, SM534, F-11 / 11L, F-11L
For SAW resonator , there is one port series with a wide range of packaging and frequency of different - different. No one series port for wireless remote controller with a frequency of 105 MHz - 325 MHz.
One-port SAW resonator series with a center frequency or center frequency 105.5 MHz, insertion loss 2.5 dB, Package SF-712, tolerance +/- 75 Khz.
Here is a one port SAW resonator that we have and we can supply for the needs of factory production.
Center Frequency: 158.15 MHZ, tolerance +/- 100 KHz, insertion loss is 1.5 dB, package SF-712, center frequency: 222.15 MHz, insertion loss is 1.5 dB, tolerance +/- 100 KHz and SF-712 package.
Center Frequency of SAW Resonator available to us:
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The frequency of the SAW resonator tolerance between +/- +/- 75 KHz and 100 KHz.
No insertion loss of 2.5 dB, 1.5 dB and 1.3 dB and the type of package for a SAW resonator that is SF-712, TO-39 / 39L, SM558, SM534, F-11 / 11L, F-11L
For more details of data can be downloaded here
There is also a one-port SAW resonators in series with a frequency range of 327-868 MHz. SAW Resonator is also used for wireless remote controller.
Center
Frequency for the 327-868 MHz SAW Resonator start: 327.3 MHz, 300 MHz,
308 MHz, 340 MHz, 345 MHz, 350 MHz, 360 MHz, 372 MHz, 388.95 MHz, 390
MHz, 391 MHz, 395 MHz, 400 MHz ,
407.3 MHz, 409 MHz, 417 MHz, 417.5 MHz, 418 MHz, 419.95 MHz, 423.17
MHz, 423.22 MHz with a frequency tolerance of +/- 75 KHz, insertion loss
varies, there is 1.2 dB, and 1.5 dB 1.3dB and packaging TO-39 / 39L, F-11 / 11L, SM558, SM534
There is also a SAW Resonator one / two ports series with a frequency of 105.5 MHz - 868.35 MHz.
Here are the technical characteristics of SAW Resonator one / two ports series and equivalent circuits and part numbering.
Sale Crystal Clock Oscillator TCXO,VCTCXO, OCXO for Manufacturing
We also can supply the needs of Crystal Oscillator TCXO, VCTCXO, OCXO for production of electronic gadgets such as mobile phones, cell phone, tablet pc, pc, peripherals, as well as to the production of tools - measuring instruments, navigation and others. Please contact us at info@ekuator.id pt.ekuator@yic.com.tw, please specify your needs then we can discuss which products are suited to the needs of your production.
OCXO Data
For SMD OCXO, there are four pad, 5pad, 7pad DIP dual inline package, working frequency 1-170 MHz, +/- 0.05-0.5 ppm frequency stability, temperature range of -40 to 85 degrees Celcius, the input voltage between 3.5-12 volts.
For anyone 4pad SMD TCXO, 6pad, dip 4 pin, for VCTCXO there are four pad, six pad, dip 4 pin, frequency 1-150 MHz, the working temperature of -40 to 85 degrees Celsius, the voltage input voltage of 1.8 - 12 volts, +/- 0.5-5 ppm frequency stability.
For anyone 4pad SMD TCXO, 6pad, dip 4 pin, for VCTCXO there are four pad, six pad, dip 4 pin, frequency 1-150 MHz, the working temperature of -40 to 85 degrees Celsius, the voltage input voltage of 1.8 - 12 volts, +/- 0.5-5 ppm frequency stability.
D Sub Combo Series
1100 Series
Combo D-Sub for Coax and High Power Solder Cup Type
Material:
Shell: Steel w/ Tin Plated (optional Zinc plating)
Signal Contacts: Berylium Copper
Coaxial Contacts: Brass
Signal Contact Plating: 0.000005" Gold
Coaxial Contact Plating: 0.000015" Gold
High Power Contact Plating: 0.000015" Gold
Contact Underplating: 0.000100" min. Nickel
Insulation: PBT & 30% glass fiber reinforced thermo plastic: UL94V-O
UL File# E107536, material D202G30
Electrical:
Signal Contact Rating: 7.5 Amp
Coax Impedance: 50 ohm or 75 ohm
Coax VSWR: Less than 1.3 - 1.0 up to 500 MHZ
Coax Insertion Loss: 0.1 dB loss at 55 MHZ
High Power Contact Rating: 40, 20 or 10 Amp
Dielectric Withstanding: 1500V at sea level
Operation Temperature: -55oC to +105oC
rohs-small.gif
Mechanical Specification and Mounting Option:
Shell
Size
Plug \
Recept
Dimensions mm
A
B
C
D
E
Plug
30.81
16.92
24.88
8.36
Recept
16.33
7.87
A
Plug
39.14
25.25
33.32
8.36
Recept
24.66
7.87
B
Plug
53.04
38.96
47.04
8.36
Recept
38.38
7.87
C
Plug
69.32
55.42
63.50
8.36
Recept
54.84
7.87
D
Plug
66.93
52.81
61.11
8.36
Recept
52.43
7.87
Option
Part Number
(Suffix)
3.0 dia Hole
-
(Standard)
Fixed Jack Screw
2NA
Clinch Nut
2N
Ordering Part Numbers
Effective Apr. 15, 2001 part numbers for this series has changed. The part numbers below are the new P/N.
Click Here to see a cross reference of the new P/N to the old P/N. For assistance E-Mail us at sales@hochien.com or call (909)596-6298.
Shell
Size
Contact Arrangements
(Front view of Plug/ Rear view of Recept)
Plug \
Recept
Part Number (Tin Shell)
Housing
Only
Set (Contacts packaged separately)
Coax Combo**
High Power Combo
50 Ohm
75 Ohm
40 Amp
20 Amp
10 Amp
E
2W2
Plug
1100-22T
1150-22T
1170-22T
1140-22T
1120-22T
1110-22T
Recept
1101-22T
1151-22T
1171-22T
1141-22T
1121-22T
1111-22T
5W1
Plug
1100-51T
1150-51T
1170-51T
1140-51T
1120-51T
1110-51T
Recept
1101-51T
1151-51T
1171-51T
1141-51T
1121-51T
1111-51T
A
spec-coax-3w3.gif
3W3
Plug
1100-33T
1150-33T
1170-33T
1140-33T
1120-33T
1110-33T
Recept
1101-33T
1151-33T
1171-33T
1141-33T
1121-33T
1111-33T
spec-coax-3V3.gif
3V3
Plug
1100-23T
1150-23T
1170-23T
1140-23T
1120-23T
1120-32T
Recept
1101-23T
1151-23T
1171-23T
1141-23T
1121-23T
1111-32T
7W2
Plug
1100-72T
1150-72T
1170-72T
1140-72T
1120-72T
1110-72T
Recept
1101-72T
1151-72T
1171-72T
1141-72T
1121-72T
1111-72T
11W1
Plug
1100-11T
1150-11T
1170-11T
1140-11T
1120-11T
1110-11T
Recept
1101-11T
1151-11T
1171-11T
1141-11T
1121-11T
1111-11T
B
5W5
Plug
1100-55T
1150-55T
1170-55T
1140-55T
1120-55T
1110-55T
Recept
1101-55T
1151-55T
1171-55T
1141-55T
1121-55T
1111-55T
13W3
Plug
1100-13T
1150-13T
1170-13T
1140-13T
1120-13T
1110-13T
Recept
1101-13T
1151-13T
1171-13T
1141-13T
1121-13T
1111-13T
17W2
Plug
1100-12T
1150-12T
1170-12T
1140-12T
1120-12T
1110-12T
Recept
1101-12T
1151-12T
1171-12T
1141-12T
1121-12T
1111-12T
21W1
Plug
1100-21T
1150-21T
1170-21T
1140-21T
1120-21T
1110-21T
Recept
1101-21T
1151-21T
1171-21T
1141-21T
1121-21T
1111-21T
C
8W8
Plug
1100-88T
1150-88T
1170-88T
1140-88T
1120-88T
1110-88T
Recept
1101-88T
1151-88T
1171-88T
1141-88T
1121-88T
1111-88T
21W4
Plug
1100-24T
1150-24T
1170-24T
1140-24T
1120-24T
1110-24T
Recept
1101-24T
1151-24T
1171-24T
1141-24T
1121-24T
1111-24T
D
36W4
Plug
1100-34T
1150-34T
1170-34T
1140-34T
1120-34T
1110-34T
Recept
1101-34T
1151-34T
1171-34T
1141-34T
1121-34T
1111-34T
* The Housing Only Part Numbers includes Housing, and Preloaded Signal Contacts Only.
* Coaxial Contacts w/ Ferrule or High Power Contacts are ordered seperately, see table below for Part Numbers.
* Economic stamp pin type on signal contacts available.
* Shell plating, Insulation color and gold on contact options are available. Contact Ho Chien for more info.
** Coax contacts included in set part numbers are for RG179 Cables. Contact Ho Chien for part number for other cables.
Coaxial Contacts - Solder Cup Type
No.
Description
Material
Coments
1
Center
Contact
Brass
0.000015" Gold over
0.000050" min. Nickel
2
Outside
Contact
Brass
0.000015" Gold over
0.000050" min. Nickel
3
Insulator
Teflon
UL94V-O; White
4
Lock Link
Copper Alloy
Nickel Plated
Ordering Part Number Includes Ferrules
Type
Part Number
Dimensions (mm)
RG Cable No.
50 ohm
75 ohm
A
B
C
Plug
1150-00-1
1170-00-1
2.50
1.80
3.20
179B/U
1150-00-2
1170-00-2
2.60
2.20
3.50
180B/U
1150-00-3
1170-00-3
4.80
1150-00-4
1170-00-4
3.80
3.10
4.60
58B/U
1150-00-5
1170-00-5
5.10
1150-00-6
1170-00-6
6.30
Recept
1151-10-1
1171-10-1
2.50
1.80
3.20
179B/U
1151-10-2
1171-10-2
2.60
2.20
3.50
180B/U
1151-10-3
1171-10-3
4.80
1151-10-4
1171-10-4
3.80
3.10
4.60
58B/U
1151-10-5
1171-10-5
5.10
1151-10-6
1171-10-6
6.30
High Power Contacts - Solder Cup Type
For Ordering
Individual Contacts
Solder Type
Part Number
Dimensions
(mm)
Rating
(Amps)
Wire Size
(AWG)
Plug
Contact
Recept
Contact
A
B
C
40
# 8
1140-00
1141-10
4.6
5.5
5.5
20
# 12
1120-00
1121-10
2.7
3.6
5.0
10
# 16
1110-00
1111-10
1.7
2.5
4.5
For Ordering
Individual Contacts
Crimp Type
Part Number
Dimensions
(mm)
Rating
(Amps)
Wire Size
(AWG)
Plug
Contact
Recept
Contact
A
B
C
40
# 8
1A40-00
1A41-10
4.6
5.5
5.5
20
# 12
1A20-00
1A21-10
2.7
3.6
5.0
10
# 16
1A10-00
1A11-10
1.7
2.5
4.5
We sell RF Low Noise Amplifier
We sell RF Low Noise Amplifier for Satellite TV Receiver, RF LNA Amplifier for TV reception.
ITEM Package Magnification Mark
2SC3357 SOT-89 90-150 RF
2SC4226 SOT-323 90-140 R24/R25
ITEM Package Magnification Mark
2SC3357 SOT-89 90-150 RF
2SC4226 SOT-323 90-140 R24/R25
We sell semiconductor, Transistor, Integrated Circuit, Diode component
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