Globalstar Satellite Network

Globalstar

Globalstar is American Satellite Communication Service company operated 24 Low Earth Orbit (LEO)Network Satellites constellation. 

Services

Globalstar Satellite Network Services is Satellite Phone Communication, Satellite Data Communication, SPOT Satellite Messenger and Satellite IoT. 

Another LEO Satellite Services Company are Iridium, Inmarsat, Thuraya and Orbcomm.

Globalstar serve Industries from Oil and Gas, Maritime, Emergency, Forestry, Construction, Utilities. Globalstar have service in 120 countries.

Globalstar Products include :

• Portable Telephones 

Coverage Map

• Fixed Telephones, SAT-Fi2 Remote Antenna Station
  

Sat-Fi2 WiFi Hotspot Station

Coverage Map of Sat-FI2

• Simplex Data Modems,
  
  Embedded Solution using Simplex Transmitter Unit (STX),Using the Globalstar Simplex data network, the STX3 allows information to be transmitted from areas well beyond the reach of reliable cellular coverage around the globe.

• The STX3 provides additional opportunities to integrate satellite connectivity into products used for vehicle and asset tracking, remote data reporting and data logger reporting that have limited size requirements. 

• Affordable pricing, low power consumption and its small size make the STX3 satellite transmitter a highly efficient device ready for integration in a wide variety of applications. 

•  Simplex Transmitter Coverage Area Around The Globe
• Duplex Data Modems, 
  

SPOT Gen3 provides employees with safe and reliable communication when working beyond the boundaries of cellular service. 

This rugged, pocket-sized device provides the ability to check in from any remote location. 

Utilizing GPS-enabled technology, emergency services can be notified, activated and dispatched to an exact location at the touch of a button.

 

Globalstar Spot X Coverage

• Duplex Voice/Data Modules
• GSP-1720 satellite data and voice module enables full two-way data and voice capability, allowing the development of new and creative tracking and monitor & control applications to full-featured fixed telephone service for remote areas.
  
  
  For Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) applications, the GSP-1720 Satellite Data/Voice Module (SDVM) can provide either Direct or Dial-up Internet as well as asynchronous computer to computer connectivity. 

• These options provide communications with land and marine-based equipment, while complementing mobile and stationary field solutions. Mobile or stationary, the GSP-1720 helps you monitor, control or track assets remotely through the Globalstar satellite network - affordably and with low-power requirements. 

•  Coverage Area 
• Services 
  
  Globalstar 9600 Satellite Data Hotspot for GSP1700, GSP1600, and GSP2900 and also Marine and Boating

• Another Service from Globalstar is Asset Management with Smart One Solar, SmartOne C as Asset Ready Tracket and Spot Trace as Theft Alert Tracking

• reference : wikipedia.org, globalstar.com

FTTH Network Solution

FTTx Internet Network solution 

consists of 2, FTTH and FTTB.

For small office, home, or SOHO, or apartment building. 

We called it a basic FTTx network project, which is usually low cost and simple service providing etc. 

(courtesy fiberoptictel.com)

• If a fiber is run to a panel inside each subscribers apartment unit (eg: Home or SoHo), it is FTTH.
• If instead the fiber goes only as far as the apartment building’s shared electrical room (either only to the first floor or to each floor), it is FTTB.

The basic function of FTTH/FTTB broadband access solution, like data, or internet service, IPTV etc. (courtesy fiberoptictel.com).

How To Optical Fiber test Measurements Using OTDR ?

Optical fiber cables are tested for attenuation using the cut back method or back reflection method . The cutback method is mainly used in test at the manufacturing facility and the back reflection method is normally used in the field and in the manufacturing facility for some tests. An optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) is the portable optical test set used in the field for pre- and post construction fiber measurements. The backscatter concept is illustrated in Figure 1

A lead-in or launch fiber is used to eliminate the effect of dead zone created from the OTDR fiber interface connector. A lead-in fiber is a fiber several hundred meters in length that connects the OTDR to the fiber being measured. It provides a useful fiber trace for the entire length of fiber under test. Since it provides backscatter power leading into and out of the initial fiber connection in the fiber undertest, a more accurate measurement of fiber length and total end-to-end loss can be made. The lead-in fiber is a commercially available OTDR accessory with a connector on one end to match the OTDR network interface and a connector on the other end to match the connector encountered on the fiber under test or in this case a bare fiber with a mechanical alignment fiber connector, such as an elastomeric lab splice. Lead-in fibers are useful to locate short distance faults and making loss/attenuation measurement in real time mode. This document explains howto use lead-in fibers.
One of the OTDR equipment come from Fluke Networks

Measurement Procedure.

Block Diagram 

This is a schematic diagram of testing optical fibers using an OTDR with a lead-in or a launch fiber.

Procedure 

Connecting Dummy Fibers / Pigtails to OTDR: Clean optical connector in end of lead-in fiber that will mate with the OTDR using isopropanol and lint free wipers. Connect it to the OTDR output so that a fiber trace can be observed. A square peak on the fiber trace (see Figure 3) will mark the start of the trace. Next to this peak OTDR traces should be a smooth with a continuous slope. Adjust the connector to obtain the OTDR trace as shown in Figure3.

reference : https://www.stl.tech/connectivity-solution/optical-fibre-cable/pdf/Measurements_in_New_Optical_Cables_(Pre_and_Post_Construction)-_New_-_Final.pdf

What is eero home wifi system ?

eero is smart wifi system that replace traditional wifi router, wifi extender and internet booster in One device eero system . eero works with eero TrueMesh Software App. 

Unlimited Mesh 

With TrueMesh, WiFi hops between eero devices to travel down hallways or go around walls. Most other WiFi systems only allow for one hop in any direction — so something as simple as a wall can mean that your devices can’t get the WiFi they need. eero allows for more hops with less speed degradation — so you can cover any home and navigate around any obstacle.

Solving Congestion

TrueMesh technology knows the signal strength between each eero in your home and calculates the best path from your device to the internet. If there’s a disruption on any part of your network — like if a pet knocks a Beacon out of the wall — TrueMesh dynamically reroutes traffic to keep it balanced. All this happens in the background so you don’t notice a thing.

Automatic Software updates

Normal routers require you to proactively install security patches — but let’s be honest, most of us never do that. eero automatically updates its encryption and security protocols to protect your network from the newest threats. You always have the latest features and security.

Control at Your Smartphone

With WiFi App by installing TrueMesh App,your network speed, which devices are connected and make sure each eero working properly.  you can control all the eero function with your Smart Phone, works with Alexa, Amazon WiFi

Placing Additional eero

The eero app walks you through placing additional eero devices in your living room, bedrooms, kitchen, or hallways to bring WiFi to every inch of your home.

Optimize Your Home

From when your start activated eero,  eero TrueMesh software begins learning from and optimizing for your space, devices, and network usage. So every device gets a reliable connection all the time, everywhere in your home.

eero come with 3 type :

eero is WiFi router and extender, and covers area up to 1,500 sq.ft

eero Pro

is tri band WiFi Router and Extender by cover area up to 1,750 sq.ft

eero Beacon

is WiFi Booster for expand your wireless coverage capability up to 1,500 sq.ft

With 3 pack eero as technical spec from eero, you can get covers area up to 5,000 sq.ft , this suitable for common house in America and Canada.

You can change the eero  by mixed it as your coverage needs. 

For example if you have house with 3000 sq.ft , you need 1 eero and 1 eero Beacon, or 1 eero Pro, and 1 eero Beacon.

DIY Six Stage Attenuator for High Frequency HF

If you have to deal with radio frequency more than very rarely, it is helpful if you can easily weaken the signals in discrete steps. 

So you can e.g. Bring the output signal of an HF generator to a different level than would only be possible with the generator's adjuster. 

There are many applications for a concealer when comparing or repairing receivers or with radio devices. Unfortunately, professional attenuator are quite expensive. 

Doing it yourself is worthwhile here because expensive electronics are not required

The Circuit Diagram of Six Stage Attenuator from Elektor Elektronic July Edition 2017 in Germany language 

Circuit Diagram

PCB Lay Out

Final Six Stage Attenuator Prototype with aluminum case

With Six Stage Switches for 0..31 dB in 1 dB Step

Prototype Final

Frequency Response 0....-31 dB