315/433Mhz RF Link Kit

315/433Mhz RF Link Kit - The 315/433MHz RF link kit is consisted of transmitter and receiver, popular used for remote control. It will be easy to use this kit to transmit data via RF With the suggestArduino VirtualWire library

MX-05V models
Operating voltage : DC5V Quiescent Current: 4MA
Receiving frequency: 433.92MHZ /315 Mhz
Receiving sensitivity: - 105dB
Size : 30 * 14 * 7mm external antenna: 32CM single core wire, wound into a spiral
Technical parameters emission head
Model: MX-FS-03V
Transmission Distance: 20 -200 meters (different voltage, different effects) Operating voltage: 3.5-12V Dimensions: 19*19mm
Ways of working: AM transfer rate: 4KB/S transmit power: 10mW
Transmission frequency: 433M
External antenna: 25cm ordinary multi-core or single wire
Pinout left right :( the DATA ; the VCC ; the GND )
Application Environment
Remote control switch, receiving module, motorcycle, automobile anti-theft products, home security products, electric doors, shutter doors, windows, remote control 
socket, remote control LED, remote audio, remote control electric doors, garage door remote control, remote control retractable doors, remote control gate volume, 
pan doors, remote control door opener, and other closed door control system, remote control curtains, alarm host, alarm, remote controlled motorcycles, electric remote control cars, remote control MP3 and so on.
Optional accessories
With the company supporting the use of remote control products.
Remark
VCC voltage to be consistent with the module voltage, and to do the power filter;
antenna reception module great influence, then the best 1/4 wavelength antenna, generally use 50 ohm single-core wire, length of the antenna 433M ca. is 17cm ;
antenna position also on reception module, install the antenna stretched as far as possible, away from the shield, high pressure, and local sources of interference ; 
reception frequency use, decoding and oscillation resistance 

Hardware & Program Setting

With Arduino, you can setting the hardware and program this board 

Antenna Bazooka 27 MHz

Antenna double bazooka 27mhz cable stretch rg58(5,24M) and to 11M radio, total 16.24M cable is suitable for 11 meter band radio
Very suitable for narrow or inadequate land, can be in the form of horizontal, vertical, inverted letter V and letter L
see the picture for the inverted V bazooka antenna installation

photo transistor circuit

The human eye was a  persistance of vision of about 0.02 second. Therefore a light that flashes on and off more than about 50 Hz appears continuously on. The human ear is much faster and can respond to sound with a frequency Up to about 20.000 Hz. The Light listener transforms the pulsating and flickering of light that eye cannot discern into sounds . The ear can easily hear.

Free energy Devices Radiant Energy

 

II. DR. T. HENRY MORAY PROJECTS

b) Radiant Energy Patents - Various R. E. Circuits and Devices

1. Patent No. 2,813,242, Nov. 1957 L. R. Crump-Atmospheric Energy Device
This radiant energy conversion art is quite significant since it discloses three distinct conversion applications circuits which are both practical and worthy of further study and improvement.
The accompanying schematics show the three versions, along with the identification of each component within the three circuit diagrams. Of particular interest is the circuit diagram shown in FIG. 3, which is the high voltage D. C. conversion, using input coils, tuning capacitor, a transistor oscillator, transformer and diode circuitry. This arrange- ment should offer the best combination of components to produce a high potential output from a radiant energy source.
The circuit version shown in FIG. 2 is for a general low voltage, wattage arrangement which is simple and may be useful for certain applications. The circuit version shown in FIG. 1 is a direct transistor radio operational design, which is self-explanatory.
There is a general similarity of Cramp's work to that of Lester Hendershot, except for the addition of the antenna and diodes in Crump's art. It should be noted that the tuning capacitor in Crump's circuit is a desirable feature in any Radiant Energy device, since these circuits need to be "tuned" to R.E. frequency. Hendershot's permanent magnet/& clapper component is a desirable dynamic feature which might be used to advantage within the Crump circuitry, but this will require some experimentation before an optimum match is obtained.
The addition of the diodes in Cramp's circuitry increases polarization efficiency, and generally improves the R. E. conversion value of this device. It should be noted that it is believed that Dr. T. H. Moray also used antenna-coupled coils directly connected to his 100 foot long directional antenna, as the Crump input circuitry indicates.
In a general manner, the Cramp circuitry appears to bridge between the art of Moray and Hendershot in the selec- tion and application of the various components, as can be seen from a review of their circuit components.

2. Xtec Corporation, of New Britain, Conn, with reference to Crump's Patent above, (Pats, pending)
This group has developed an antenna/amplifier arrangement which is said to collect and amplify atmospheric/ra- diant energy. The antenna operates as a dependent power supply for the system. An input signal turns on the power amplifying antenna which draws on the potential between two points in the environment to complete a circuit through a form of inductive coupling. The result is amplified energy for the load to be driven.

Simple Diode Radio For Low Impedance Headphones

Diode Radio for Low Impedance Headphones – Build a High-Performance Crystal Radio Using Germanium Diodes

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Simple crystal radio circuit using germanium diode and impedance matching for low-impedance headphones.

Diode radios, also known as crystal radios, are among the most popular DIY electronics projects for beginners, survival enthusiasts, and radio hobbyists. Using only a small number of inexpensive components and no external power source, a diode radio can receive AM, Medium Wave (MW), Long Wave (LW), and Shortwave (SW) signals.

This guide explains how to build a diode radio for low-impedance headphones (2 × 32Ω) using a germanium diode semiconductor, a ferrite rod antenna, and a simple impedance-matching transformer.

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⚠️ Educational Disclaimer

This article is provided for educational and hobbyist purposes only. The radio described here does not generate power and does not violate any laws of physics. It operates entirely on energy received from radio waves.

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What Is a Diode Radio (Crystal Radio)?

A diode radio is the simplest form of radio receiver. It works by converting radio frequency (RF) signals directly into audio signals using a detector diode, without amplification, batteries, or power supplies.

Because of their simplicity and reliability, crystal radios are widely used in:

• STEM education kits
• Survival and emergency communication
• Electronics hobby projects
• Vintage radio restoration

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Why Germanium Diodes Are Essential

The most critical component in a crystal radio is the detector diode. For best performance, a germanium diode such as OA70 or 1N34 (IN34) must be used.

Diode Type	Forward Voltage	Crystal Radio Suitability
OA70 Germanium	≈ 0.2 V	Excellent
1N34 / IN34	≈ 0.25 V	Excellent
Silicon Diode	≈ 0.7 V	Not recommended

Germanium diodes are able to detect extremely weak AM radio signals that silicon diodes cannot.

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The Low-Impedance Headphone Problem

Traditional crystal radios were designed to work with high-impedance headphones (typically 2 × 2000Ω). These headphones are now rare and expensive.

Modern headphones usually have an impedance of 2 × 32Ω, which causes:

• Signal loss
• Low volume
• Reduced selectivity

Without impedance matching, modern headphones are unsuitable for diode radio designs.

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Solution: Impedance Matching Transformer

The solution is to use an impedance matching transformer taken from a switchable-voltage AC adapter (3V / 4.5V / 6V / 9V / 12V).

Remove the rectifier diodes and capacitors, and use only the transformer windings. By selecting different voltage taps, you can optimize the impedance match between the crystal detector and low-impedance headphones.

This technique significantly improves:

• Audio volume
• Signal clarity
• Overall sensitivity

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Ferrite Rod Antenna Design

The antenna system has the greatest influence on crystal radio performance.

Ferrite Rod Specifications

• Diameter: 10 mm
• Length: 100 mm
• Material: AM ferrite

Coil Winding

• Total turns: 60
• Taps every 10 turns
• Wire: 0.2–0.3 mm enamel copper wire

Coil tapping allows you to match the antenna strength and reduce circuit damping.

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External Antenna and Grounding

A long-wire antenna (10–30 meters) dramatically increases reception. However, too much coupling can overload the circuit, so connecting the antenna to a lower coil tap is recommended.

Grounding (Critical for Performance)

• Cold water pipe
• Dedicated ground rod
• Moist soil earth ground

Good grounding can increase audio output by several times.

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Complete Component List

• Small PCB or prototyping board
• Mini project enclosure
• Ferrite rod antenna
• Germanium diode (OA70 or 1N34)
• Variable capacitor (VC1) – 500 pF
• Capacitor (C2) – 10 nF
• Impedance matching transformer
• Low-impedance headphones (2 × 32Ω)
• Headphone jack
• Antenna wire
• Ground wire

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Step-by-Step Construction

1. Wind the ferrite rod coil and add tap points.
2. Install the variable capacitor for tuning.
3. Connect the germanium diode detector.
4. Add the transformer and headphone jack.
5. Connect antenna and earth ground.

Experiment with coil taps and transformer taps for best reception.

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Expected Performance

• Receives strong AM stations without batteries
• Unlimited operating life
• Clear audio with proper grounding

This design is ideal for education, emergency preparedness, and hobby use.

🛒 Recommended Components

Using high-quality components significantly improves reception, durability, and audio clarity. Below are tested components ideal for this diode radio project.

🔸 Germanium Diode (Critical Component)

• OA70 Germanium Diode
  👉 Buy on Amazon | Shopee | Tokopedia
• 1N34 / IN34 Germanium Diode
  👉 Buy on Amazon | Shopee | Tokopedia

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🔸 Variable Capacitor (AM Tuning)

• 365–500pF AM Variable Capacitor
  👉 Buy on Amazon | Shopee | Tokopedia

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🔸 Ferrite Rod Antenna

• AM Ferrite Rod Antenna (10mm × 100mm)
  👉 Buy on Amazon | Shopee | Tokopedia

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🔸 Impedance Matching Transformer

• Audio / Power Transformer (3–12V taps)
  👉 Buy on Amazon | Shopee | Tokopedia

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🔸 Low Impedance Headphones

• 32Ω Wired Headphones
  👉 Buy on Amazon | Shopee | Tokopedia

Conclusion

Building a diode radio for low-impedance headphones is a practical and rewarding project. By combining a germanium diode, a ferrite rod antenna, and an impedance matching transformer, you can achieve impressive performance from a completely passive radio receiver.

This timeless design remains one of the most educational and profitable DIY electronics projects available today.