telecoms companies in canada

 In Canada, the telecommunications market is dominated by a few major players that provide a mix of mobile, internet, and information services. Below are some of the leading telecom companies, their subscriber bases, and revenue data:

1. Rogers Communications :

Ted Rogers started the company with one small loan and one big dream to honour his father’s legacy.

Following in his father’s footsteps, Ted Rogers purchased his first radio station, CHFI, in 1960 at the age of 27. 

He believed in the power of communication to inform, inspire and innovate and in the decades that followed, he did just that.

From these humble beginnings, Rogers company grown into Canada’s communications and entertainment company – all because the relentless  drive of one turned into the relentless drive of many.

   -  Subscribers : Over 10.6 million mobile subscribers in 2022.

   -  Revenue : Rogers generated around CAD 16.9 billion in total revenue in 2022, with about 68% coming from wireless services.

   - Rogers also owns other services like cable and internet, providing it with a strong market presence

2. Bell Canada (BCE Inc.) :

   -  Subscribers : Bell had approximately 9.9 million mobile subscribers in 2022.

   -  Revenue : Bell reported CAD 24 billion in annual revenue for 2022, with significant contributions from both wireless and broadband services.

   - They also provide a wide range of TV, home phone, and internet services

3. TELUS :

   -  Subscribers : TELUS served around 10.5 million mobile users as of 2023, making it one of the top three players in the mobile market.

   -  Revenue : TELUS generated over CAD 18 billion in revenue, with a focus on mobile, broadband, and business solutions

4.  SaskTel :

   -  Subscribers : Roughly 656,000 subscribers in the mobile sector.

   -  Revenue : SaskTel's annual revenue sits around CAD 1.2 billion, primarily driven by its focus on regional services

5. Vidéotron :

   -  Subscribers : After acquiring Freedom Mobile, Vidéotron expanded its mobile base to around 1.7 million.

   -  Revenue : Part of Quebecor Inc., Vidéotron’s total revenue across all its services (including TV and internet) is about CAD 4.47 billion.

These companies dominate the Canadian telecom market, controlling a significant portion of mobile and broadband services, with the "Big Three" (Rogers, Bell, and TELUS) leading in terms of both subscribers and revenue.

reference :
https://crtc.gc.ca/eng/publications/reports/PolicyMonitoring/2023/tel.htm
https://canadatelecoms.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Wireless-eng-Carriers-Sub-Stats-Q4-2023.pdf
https://www.analysysmason.com/research/content/country-reports/canada-country-report-rddj0/

Capacitor Network's

 Series

CT =  1/(1/(1/C1 + 1/C2 + 1/C3))

Series

CT = (C1 * C2)/(C1 + C2)

Parallel

CT = C1 + C2 + ....CN for 2 or more capacitors

Voltage Divider

 

Formula for Voltage Divider :

Vout = Vin * (R2/R1+R2))

Where :

R1 and R2 can be a potentiometer 

reference :

[1] Formula's, Table, and Basic Circuit, Engineer's Mini-Notebook, Radio Shack 

                                   

VHF Test Transmitter

 

If you want to be independent of the local radio stations for testing VHF receivers, you need a frequency modulated oscillator that covers the range of 89.5 to 108 MHz — but building such an oscillator using discrete components is not that easy. Maxim now has available a series of five integrated oscillator building blocks in the MAX260x series (see the May 2001 issue of Elektor Electronics), which cover the frequency range between 45 and 650 MHz. The only other thing you need is a suitable external coil, dimensioned for the midrange frequency. The MAX2606 covers the VHF band, although the frequency can only be varied by approximately ±3 MHz around the midrange frequency set by the coil L. The inductance values shown in the table can serve as starting points for further experimenting.The SMD coils of the Stettner 5503 series are suitable for such oscillators. In Germany, they are available from Bürklin (Buerklin.com) , with values between 12 nH and 1200 nH. You can thus directly put together any desired value using two suitable coils. If you want to wind your own coils, try using 8 to 14 turns of 0.5-mm diameter silver-plated copper wire on a 5-mm mandrel. You can make fine adjustments to the inductance of the coil by slightly spreading or compressing the coil. The circuit draws power from a 9-V battery. The BC238C stabilises the voltage to approximately 4 V. Although the MAX2606 can work with a supply voltage between +2.7 V and +5.5 V, a stabilised voltage improves the frequency stability of the free-running oscillator. The supply voltage connection Vcc (pin 5) and the TUNE voltage (pin 3) must be decoupled by 1-nF capacitors located as close as possible to the IC pins. The tuning voltage TUNE on pin 3 may lie between +0.4 V and +2.4 V. A symmetric output is provided by the OUT+ and OUT– pins. In the simplest case, the output can be used in a single-ended configuration. Pull-up resistors are connected to each of the outputs for this purpose. You can use a capacitor to tap off the radio signal from either one of

these resistors. Several milliwatts of power are available. At the audio input, a signal amplitude of 10 to 20 mV is enough to generate the standard VHF frequency deviation of ±40 kHz.

Opentherm Monitor Circuit

 

If you say that the term ‘Opentherm’ is unfamiliar to you, then this will not surprise us the least. Opentherm is a protocol, which can control central heating boilers and hot water systems digitally. ‘Open’ indicates that it is not specific to a single brand. Anyone can, in principle, make use of this protocol, provided you are prepared to hand over several thousand pounds for ‘membership’ and are prepared to keep the information secret (talk about ‘open’…). As a consequence we unfortunately do not know a great

deal about it, but we do have a few technically interesting pieces of information we would like to share with you.

The connection between the master device (usually the room thermostat) and the slave (typically the central heating boiler) consists of two wires, which permits the use of existing cabling. Via this cable the boiler powers the thermostat with DC. In order to prevent wiring errors, the thermostat is fitted with a bridge rectifier, allowing the conductors (positive and negative) to be reversed. The installer cannot make any mistakes here. The master places on this connection a digital signal. Every second, 32-bits are transmitted in Manchester-code and after about 0.2 seconds the slave responds with the return message. Every bit lasts 1 ms,

and a message consists of:

1 Start bit (logical zero)

1 Parity bit

3 Message type

4 Spare

8 Data ID

16 Data

1 Stop bit (logic zero)

From the electrical perspective, an interesting solution has been selected. The boiler sources current, a logic Low is a current between 5 and 9 mA, a logic High a current between 17 and 23 mA. This way the thermostat is always powered. In the opposite direction, the thermostat signals by pulling down the open circuit boiler voltage of 24 V to a voltage less than 9 V (logic Low) or between 15 and 18 V for a logic High. 

So, at the risk of over-emphasising: the boiler provides information by modulating the current, and the thermostat by changing the voltage. All this can easily be observed on an oscilloscope. In order to follow the activities, we have designed a circuit that does not unduly influence the operation, although it causes an unavoidably small voltage drop of course. The boiler is connected to K1; the polarity is of no consequence  because the connector is followed by a bridge rectifier (D1- D4). The thermostat is connected to K2. R4 and IC1a look if the current corresponds with a logic ‘Low’ or a ‘High’ and signal this, electrically isolated, to the DCD of the serial input of your computer. The voltage of the connection is

monitored by R6, R7 and IC1b and copied to DSR. An oscilloscope connected to these points easily shows you the messages going back and forth. It is likely that the current channel shows both messages. When the voltage on the wires changes, there is also an inevitable change in current because the thermostat is a capacitive load. The circuit is powered from the RTS and DSR hand

shaking lines. They have to be made logic Low first, of course. Naturally, it is also possible to connect a power supply of around 10 to 12 V behind the diodes. Those who are keen can write a program to read the serial inputs and decode the Manchester-code to data. Certain information, such as room and boiler temperature can easily be found. Unfortunately we do not have any more information and neither do we have a program. Every now and then there is something to be found in the Internet, so it may be sensible to keep an eye this.

source : Elektor Circuit Collections 2000-2014